Applied Radiology

A brief overview of CT angiography

Elliot K. Fishman, MD

Drebin RA, Carpenter L, Hanrahan P. Volume rendering. Comput Graph. 1988; 22:65-74.

Fishman EK, Horton KM. Imaging pancreatic cancer: The role of multidetector CT with three-dimensional CT angiography. Pancreatology. 2001;1:610-624.

Herts BR. Triphasic helical CT of the kidneys: Contribution of vascular phase scanning in patients before urologic surgery. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1999; 173:1273-1277.

Horton KM, Fishman EK. The current status of multidetector row CT and three-dimensional imaging of the small bowel. Radiol Clin North Am. 2003;41:199-212.

Johnson PT, Heath DG, Kuszyk BS, et al. CT angiography with volume rendering: Advantages and applications in splanchnic vascular imaging. Radiology. 1996;200:564-568.

Kawamoto S, Montgomery RA, Lawler LP, et al. Multidetector CT angiography for preoperative evaluation of living laparoscopic kidney donors. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2003;180:1633-1638.

Kuszyk BS, Heath DG, Ney DR, et al. CT angiography with volume rendering: Imaging findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1995;165:445-448.

Lawler LP, Corl FM, Fishman EK. Multi-detector row and volume-rendered CT of the normal and accessory flow pathways of the thoracic systemic and pulmonary veins. RadioGraphics. 2002;22 Spec No: S45-S60.

Macari M. Infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms at multi-detector row CT angiography: Intravascular enhancement without a timing acquisition. Radiology. 2001;220:519-523.

Ney DR, Drebin RA, Fishman EK, Magid D. Volumetric rendering of computed tomographic data: Principles and techniques. IEEE Comput Graph Applic. 1990;10:24-32.

Rubin GD, Schmidt AJ, Logan LJ, Sofilos MC. Multi-detector row CT angiography of lower extremity arterial inflow and runoff: Initial experience. Radiology. 2001;221:146-58.

Rubin GD, Shiau MC, Schmidt AJ, et al. Computed tomography angiography: Historical perspective and new state-of-the-art using multi detector-row helical computed tomography. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1999;23(suppl):83S-90S.

Smith PA, Ratner LE, Lynch FC, Corl FM, Fishman EK. Role of CT angiography in the preoperative evaluation for laparoscopic nephrectomy. RadioGraphics. 1998;18:589-601.

Technical aspects of contrast delivery in advanced CT

Kyongtae T. Bae, MD, PhD

Bae KT. Peak contrast enhancement in CT and MR angiography: When does it occur and why? Pharmacokinetic study in a porcine model. Radiology. 2003; 227:809-816.

Bae KT, Tran HQ, Heiken JP. Multiphasic injection method for uniform prolonged vascular enhancement at CT angiography: Pharmacokinetic analysis and experimental porcine model. Radiology. 2000; 216:872-880.

Bae KT, Heiken JP, Brink JA. Aortic and hepatic contrast medium enhancement at CT. Part II. Effect of reduced cardiac output in a porcine model. Radiology. 1998;207:657-62.

Bae KT, Heiken JP, Brink JA. Aortic and hepatic contrast medium enhancement at CT. Part I. Prediction with a computer model. Radiology. 1998; 207:647-655.

Bae KT, Heiken JP, Brink JA. Aortic and hepatic peak enhancement at CT: Effect of contrast medium injection rate--Pharmacokinetic analysis and experimental porcine model. Radiology. 1998; 206:455-464.

Fleischmann D, Rubin GD, Bankier AA, Hittmair K. Improved uniformity of aortic enhancement with customized contrast medium injection protocols at CT angiography. Radiology. 2000;214:363-371.

Hsu RM. Computed tomographic angiography: Conceptual review of injection and acquisition parameters with a brief overview of rendering technique. Appl Radiol. 2002;31(6 Suppl):33-39.

Prince MR, Chabra SG, Watts R, et al. Contrast material travel times in patients undergoing peripheral MR angiography. Radiology. 2002;224:55-61.

Contrast enhancement in the evaluation of thoracic disease

David P. Naidich, MD

Ashley JB, Millward SF. Contrast agent-induced nephropathy: A simple way to identify patients with preexisting renal insufficiency. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2003;181:451-454.

Batra P, Bigoni B, Manning J, et al. Pitfalls in the diagnosis of thoracic aortic dissection at CRT angiography. RadioGraphics. 2000;20:309-320.

Hartmann IJC, Lo RTH, Bakker J, et al. Optimal scan delay in spiral CT for diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2002;26:21-25.

Kaslender WA, Prokop M. 3D CT angiography. Crit Rev in Diagn Imaging. 2001;42:1-28.

Kirchner J, Kickuth R, Lasufer U, et al. Optimized enhancement in helical CT: Experience with a real-time bolus tracking system in 628 patients. Clinical Radiology. 2000;55:368-373.

Lawler LP, Fishman EK. Multi-detector row C T of thoracic disease with emphasis on 3D volume rendering and CT angiography. RadioGraphics. 2001;21:1257-1273.

Prokop M. Multislice CT angiography. Eur J Radiol. 2000;36:86-96.

Remy-Jardin M, Remy J, Mayo JR, Müller NL. CT Angiography of the Chest. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2001.

Remy-Jardin M, Remy J. Spiral CT angiography of the pulmonary circulation. Radiology. 1999;212:615-636.

Simon M, Boiselle PM, Choi JR, et al. Paddle-wheel CT display of pulmonary arteries and other lung structures: A new imaging approach. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2001;177:195-198.

Contrast techniques for hepatic multidetector CT angiography

Sanjay Saini, MD

Bonomo L, Foley DW, Imhof H, Rubin G, eds. Multidetector Computed Tomography Technology. London UK: The Royal Society of Medicine Press; 2003.

Erbay N, Raptopoulos V, Pomfret EA, et al. Living donor liver transplantation in adults: Vascular variants important in surgical planning for donors and recipients. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2003;181:109-114.

Guiney MJ, Kruskal JB, Sosna J, et al. Multi-detector row CT of relevant vascular anatomy of the surgical plane in split-liver transplantation. Radiology. 2003;229:401-407.

Kapoor V, Brancatelli G, Federle MP, et al. Multidetector CT arteriography with volumetric three-dimensional rendering to evaluate patients with metastatic colorectal disease for placement of a floxuridine infusion pump. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2003;181:455-463.

Lee SS, Kim TK, Byun JH, et al. Hepatic arteries in potential donors for living related liver transplantation: Evaluation with multi-detector row CT angiography. Radiology. 2003;227:391-399.

Pannu HK, Maley WR, Fishman EK. Liver transplantation: Preoperative CT evaluation. Radiographics. 2001;21 Spec No:S133-146.

Sahani D, Saini S, Pena C, et al. Using multidetector CT for preoperative vascular evaluation of liver neoplasms: Technique and results. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2002;179:53-59.

Schroeder S, Kopp A, Baumbach A, et al. Noninvasive detection and evaluation of atherosclerotic coronary plaque with multislice computed tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;37:1430-1435.

Silverman PM, ed. Multislice Computed Tomography. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2002.

Soyer P, Bluemke DA, Choti MA, Fishman EK. Variations in the intrahepatic portions of the hepatic and portal veins: Findings on helical CT scans during arterial portography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1995;164:103-108.

CT angiography in neuroimaging

S. James Zinreich, MD

Forbes K, Pitt A, Walker M, et al. CT angiography: A tool for managing cerebral aneurysms? BNI Q. 2001;17(3):28-36.

Fredenberg P, Forbes K, Toye L, Partovi S. Assessment of cervical vascular injury with CT angiography. BNI Q . 2001;17(3):44-48.

Hochmuth A, Spetzer U, Schumacher M. Comparison of three-dimensional rotational angiography with digital subtraction angiography in the assessment of ruptured cerebral aneurysms. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2002;23:1199-1205.

Prenger E, Zabramski J. CT perfusion imaging detects cerebral hypoperfusion caused by aneurysm clip. BNI Q. 2001;17(3):53-55.

Theodore N, Partovi S, Walker T, et al. Preoperative helical CT angiography for C1-2 transarticular screw placement: A new technique. BNI Q. 2001;17(3):49-52.

Villablanca JP, Jahan R, Hooshi P, et al. Detection and characterization of very small cerebral aneurysms by using 2D and 3D helical CT angiography. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2002;23:1187-1198.

Walker M, Acharya J, Bird R, Partovi S. Evaluation of EC-IC bypass grafts using CT angiography. BNI Q. 2001;17(3):37-43.

Walker M, Deshmukh S, Harbison D, Partovi S. CT perfusion imaging. BNI Q. 2001;17(3):15-27.

Yeo T, Wallace R, Partovi S. CT Angiography and stroke. BNI Q . 2001;17(3):4-14.

CT angiography: Optimizing contrast use in pediatric patients

Marilyn J. Siegel, MD

Bhalla S, Siegel MJ. Multislice computed tomography in pediatrics. In: Silverman PM, ed. Multislice Computed Tomography: A Practical Approach to Clinical Protocols. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2002;231-282.

Cody DD. Image processing in CT. RadioGraphics. 2002;2:1255-1268.

Hopkins KL, Patrick LE, Simoneaux SF, et al. Pediatric great vessel anomalies: Initial clinical experience with spiral CT angiography. Radiology. 1996;200:811-815.

Kaste SC, Young CW. Safe use of power injectors with central and peripheral venous access devices for pediatric CT. Pediatr Radiol. 1995;26:499-501.

Pappas JN, Donnelly LF, Frush DP. Reduced frequency of sedation of young children using new multi-slice helical CT. Radiology. 2000;215:897-899.

Patterson A, Frush DP, Donnelly L. Helical CT of the body: Are setting adjusted for pediatric patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2001;176:297-301.

Siegel MJ. Multiplanar and three-dimensional multi-detector row CT of thoracic vessels and airways in the pediatric population. Radiology. 2003. In press.

Siegel MJ. Pediatric abdominal applications. In: Fishman EF, Jeffrey B. Spiral CT: Principles, Techniques and Applications. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2003.

Siegel MJ. Pediatric chest applications. In: Fishman EF, Jeffrey B. Spiral CT: Principles, Techniques and Applications. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2003.

Slovis TL. The ALARA concept in pediatric CT: Myth or reality? Radiology. 2002;223:5-6.

The use of contrast media in cardiac CT

Christoph R. Becker, MD

Becker C, Hong C, Knez A, et al. Optimal contrast application for cardiac 4-detector-row CT. Invest Radiol. 2003; In press.

Becker C, Nikolaou K, Muders M, et al. Ex vivo coronary atherosclerotic plaque characterization with multi-detector-row CT. Eur Radiol. 2003; 13:2094-2098.

Cademartiri F, van der Lugt A, Luccichenti G, et al. Parameters affecting bolus geometry in CTA: A review. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2002;26:598-607.

Fleischmann D. Present and future trends in multiple detector-row CT applications: CT angiography. Eur Radiol. 2002;12(Suppl 2):S11-S15.

Haage P, Schmitz-Rode T, Hubner D, et al. Reduction of contrast material dose and artifacts by a saline flush using a double power injector in helical CT of the thorax. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2000;174:1049-1053.

Hittmair K, Fleischmann D. Accuracy of predicting and controlling time-dependent aortic enhancement from a test bolus injection. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2001;25:287-294.

Hong C, Becker C, Schoepf UJ, et al. Absolute quantification of coronary artery calcium in non-enhanced and contrast enhanced multidetector-row CT studies. Radiology. 2002;223:474-480.

Nieman K, Cademartiri F, Lemos PA, et al. Reliable noninvasive coronary angiography with fast submillimeter multislice spiral computed tomography. Circulation. 2002;106:2051-2054.

Schroeder T, Nadalin S, Stattaus J, et al. Potential living liver donors: Evaluation with an all-in-one protocol with multi-detector row CT. Radiology. 2002;224:586-591.

CTA of the abdominal aorta and extremity circulation

W. Dennis Foley, MD

Buth J, van Marrewijk CJ, Hjarris PL, et al. Outcome of endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in patients with conditions considered unfit for an open procedure: A report on the EUROSTAR experience. J Vasc Surg. 2002;35:211-221.

Carpenter JP, Baum RA, Barker CF, et al. Durability of benefits of endovascular verus conventional abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. J Vasc Surg. 2002;35:222-228.

Fleischmann D, Hittmair K. Mathematical analysis of arterial enhancement for optimization of bolus geometry for CT angiography using the discrete Fourier transform. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1999;23:474-484.

Golzarian J, Murgo S, Dussaussois L, et al. Evaluation of abdominal aortic aneurysms after endoluminal treatment: Comparison of color Doppler sonography with biphasic helical CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol . 2002;178:623-628.

Hirai T, Korogi Y, Ono K, et al. Maximum stenosis of extracranial internal carotid artery: Effect of luminal morphology on stenosis measurement by using CT angiography and conventional DSA. Radiology . 2001;221:802-809.

Katz DS, Hon M. CT angiography of the lower extremities and aortoiliac system with a multi-detector row helical CT scanner: Promise of new opportunities fulfilled. Radiology . 2001;22:7-10.

Michels NA. Blood Supply and Anatomy of the Upper Abdominal Organs with a Descriptive Atlas. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1955:64-69.

Randoux B, Marro B, Koskas F, et al. Carotid artery stenosis: Prospective comparison of CT, three-dimensional gadolinium-enhanced MR, and conventional angiography. Radiology. 2001;220:179-185.

Rubin GD, Paik DS, Johnston PC, Napel S. Measurement of the aorta and its branches with helical CT. Radiology . 1998;206:823-829.

Rubin GD, Shiau MC, Leung AN,et al. Aorta and iliac arteries: Single versus multiple detector-row helical CT angiography. Radiology. 2000;215:670-676

Rubin GD. Data explosion: The challenge of multidetector-row CT. Eur J Radiol . 2000;36:74-80.

Michels NA. Blood Supply and Anatomy of the Upper Abdominal Organs with a Descriptive Atlas. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1955:64-69.

Randoux B, Marro B, Koskas F, et al. Carotid artery stenosis: Prospective comparison of CT, three-dimensional gadolinium-enhanced MR, and conventional angiography. Radiology. 2001;220:179-185.

Rubin GD, Paik DS, Johnston PC, Napel S. Measurement of the aorta and its branches with helical CT. Radiology . 1998;206:823-829.

Rubin GD, Shiau MC, Leung AN,et al. Aorta and iliac arteries: Single versus multiple detector-row helical CT angiography. Radiology. 2000;215:670-676.

Rubin GD. Data explosion: The challenge of multidetector-row CT. Eur J Radiol . 2000;36:74-80.