AI Analysis of Chest X-Rays Shows Promise for Early Lung Cancer Detection

Published Date: September 8, 2025

By News Release

Artificial intelligence may soon transform how lung cancer is detected, according to a new case study presented by Qure.ai and Hacettepe University at the 2025 IASLC World Conference on Lung Cancer in Barcelona. Researchers demonstrated that AI software can identify suspicious pulmonary nodules on routine chest X-rays—even when imaging was ordered for unrelated, non-respiratory conditions.

The findings suggest a major opportunity to expand early lung cancer detection beyond current CT-based screening programs, which typically focus on smokers or former smokers. In regions without formal screening initiatives, AI could provide a safety net, ensuring incidental nodules do not go unnoticed. Detecting cancer earlier increases the chance of curative interventions such as surgery, while reducing reliance on costly therapies used in advanced disease.

“By finding high-risk nodules earlier and diagnosing lung cancer at early stages, AI not only improves, but also accelerates diagnosis and treatment,” explained Dr. Deniz Koksal of Hacettepe University in Ankara. She noted that earlier detection allows for timely surgical treatment and limits the need for expensive targeted or immunotherapy drugs.

The case series, titled Chest X-Ray Analysis with Artificial Intelligence Software Aids in the Early Diagnosis of Lung Cancer, drew on data from the multinational CREATE study, which involves five countries. Three representative cases illustrated AI’s impact. In each, chest X-rays were performed for unrelated reasons—evaluation in the emergency department for fever, pre-treatment imaging for ulcerative colitis, and participation in a smoking cessation program. In all three, the AI system flagged suspicious nodules, prompting CT confirmation and biopsy. Each patient was diagnosed with early-stage lung cancer and underwent successful surgery with favorable outcomes.

For Qure.ai, the results highlight how AI could redefine the role of chest X-rays in public health. “This new evidence presented at the World Conference of Lung Cancer has the potential to position every chest X-ray as a chance to save a life,” said Prashant Warier, the company’s founder and CEO. “AI can help to expand the early lung cancer detection funnel by identifying high-risk pulmonary nodules that would otherwise go unnoticed until it’s too late.”

The study underscored several broader implications:

Expanding the diagnostic funnel: AI can identify nodules in patients outside traditional screening groups, such as younger individuals or non-smokers.
Global potential: In countries without structured screening programs, AI-enhanced X-rays could create new pathways for timely diagnosis and treatment.
Precision medicine support: Earlier identification allows for genomic testing and initiation of advanced therapies while disease is still manageable.
System efficiency: In high-volume or resource-limited environments, AI serves as a backstop to reduce diagnostic delays and align with public health goals.

Taken together, the evidence adds to a growing body of research positioning AI as a key disruptor in lung cancer detection. By transforming routine chest X-rays into potential lifesaving tools, AI may enable clinicians to intervene earlier, broaden access to treatment, and improve long-term survival rates.