Disparities in Mammography Rates Among U.S. Women from 2002 to 2022

A recent study published in the JAMA Network Open has evaluated the trends in mammography use among U.S. women aged 40 to 74 over a 20-year period. The research, encompassing over 2.6 million women, aims to understand the impact of evolving screening guidelines and demographic differences on mammography utilization.

The analysis highlights mixed changes in mammography use from 2002 to 2022, with significant findings related to age, insurance status, and smoking habits. Despite no significant changes in the general population, certain groups saw notable declines. Among women aged 40 to 49, the biennial prevalence dropped significantly for non-Hispanic White women (−0.58% annually), uninsured women (–1.54%), current smokers (–1.36%), and unmarried women (–1.10%).

Following the 2009 update from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), which advised against routine screening for women aged 40 to 49, a more pronounced decline was observed within this subgroup. Notably, non-Hispanic White (−0.88% annually) and Asian women (−2.45%), as well as younger uninsured women (−2.39%), experienced significant reductions. However, non-Hispanic Black women did not show a statistically significant decline (−0.59%).

Geographic disparities were also evident. Mammography use was consistently lower in Western states than in Eastern states. States like Vermont and New Mexico saw some of the largest reductions for women aged 40 to 49, while South Dakota and Mississippi reported increases in this age group.

The study underscores the complexities involved in mammography trends over the years, especially when factoring in policy changes and socioeconomic factors. There remains a need for targeted efforts to address these disparities and improve access and adherence to screening guidelines, particularly for younger women and underserved populations.

This insight into mammography use across different demographics and over decades can guide future public health strategies and communications, focusing on individualized risk-based screening discussions to ensure timely detection and improve health outcomes.